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1. What does the phrase "trust, but verify" mean in the context of science?
A. Scientists should always trust their colleagues' research without question.
B. Scientific results should be accepted as true until they are proven false.
C. While being confident in scientific findings, they should be tested too.
D. Verification is more important than trust in scientific research.
2. The examples of Amgen and Bayer in Paragraph 3 are used to show that _____.
A. biotech firms and drug companies are not good at scientific research
B. many published research findings are hard to be replicated
C. cancer research is particularly difficult to conduct accurately
D. scientists in different fields have different research capabilities
3. According to the passage, how has the growth of the number of scientists affected scientific research?
A. It has led to more high-quality research due to increased collaboration.
B. It has made self-policing and quality control more effective.
C. It has caused a decline in self-policing and quality control.
D. It has had no significant impact on scientific research.
4. Why does careerism encourage exaggeration and cherry-picking of results?
A. Because scientists want to make more money.
B. Because it is easy to get away with such behavior.
C. Because other scientists do not care about the truth.
D. Because leading journals prefer striking findings and have high rejection rates.
5. What is the main problem with the peer review process?
A. Reviewers often fail to find mistakes in papers.
B. Reviewers are not paid enough for their work.
C. Reviewers are too busy to carefully review papers.
D. There are not enough reviewers for all the submitted papers.
6. What does the author suggest about dealing with statistics in scientific research?
A. Only geneticists need to master statistics.
B. Statistics is not very important in some scientific fields.
C. All disciplines should focus on statistics to improve research quality.
D. Scientists should avoid using statistics to analyze data.
7. The purpose of registering research plans in advance and monitoring them in online notebooks is to _____.
A. make it easier for scientists to share their research
B. prevent scientists from manipulating results
C. help scientists better manage their research time
D. reduce the cost of scientific research
8. What does the author think of the current status of “negative results” in scientific research?
A. They are as important as positive results but are under-represented in publications.
B. They are less important than positive ones and therefore need not be published.
C. They are more important than positive results and should be published more.
D. They are only important in certain scientific fields.
9. Which of the following best summarizes the author's attitude towards the future of scientific research?
A. Pessimistic, as the problems in scientific research are too difficult to solve.
B. Optimistic, because all the problems have been solved.
C. Cautiously optimistic, as there are solutions but more efforts are needed.
D. Indifferent, as the problems do not affect the overall development of science.
10. What is the best title for this passage?
A. The Past and Present of Scientific Research
B. The Importance of Statistics and Peer Review
C. How to Conduct Scientific Research Today
D. Problems and Solutions in Scientific Research
Sentences in questions 11 to 15 compose an independent and complete cause-and-effect paragraph. Now choose the best answer from A, B, C and D to fill the blank(s) in each statement.
11. Some environmental scientists now believe that coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are dying at an alarming rate ________ rising sea temperatures, ________ global warming that has a profound impact on marine ecosystems.
for; because
because of; as
as a result of; causing
due to; a consequence of
12. Previously, many were unaware of the exact reasons behind the decline of coral reefs. Some assumed that overfishing was the main culprit, thinking that it disrupted the balance of the reef's ecosystem. Others thought that pollution from coastal activities was to blame, ________ it introduced harmful chemicals into the water.
as
due to
because of
and consequently
13. But a research team from a leading university think that the primary cause may be the increase in sea temperatures. After conducting long-term studies in various coral reef areas, they found that as sea temperatures rise, corals expel the symbiotic algae (共生藻類) living within them, and ________, they turn white and eventually die.
so
as a result
due to which
as a consequence of which
14. However, they acknowledge that this may not be the sole factor. For instance, ocean acidification, which is ________ by the absorption of excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, also weakens the coral's ability to build their calcium carbonate skeletons.
arised
caused
resulted
attributed
15. ________, more comprehensive research is needed to fully understand all the factors contributing to the death of coral reefs.
Therefore
Thereby
In effect
Owing to
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