翻譯

1. 1.?A well-known scientist(some say it was Bertrand Russel) once gave a public lecture on astronomy. He described how the earth orbits around the sun and how the sun, in turn, orbits around the center of a vast collection of stars called our galaxy.
2. 2.?According to a number of early cosmologies and the Jewish/Christian/Muslim tradition, the universe started at a finite and not very distant time in the past.
3. 3.?When most people believed in an essentially static and unchanging universe, the question of whether it had a beginning was really one of metaphysics or theology. One could account for what was observed equally well on the theory that the universe had existed forever or on the theory that it was set in motion at some finite time in such a manner as to look as though it had existed forever.
4. 5.?A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.
5. 6.?It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories.
6. 2.?A survey of 1,200 Millennials conducted in 2016 by the Economic Innovation Group found that more Millennials believed they could have a successful career by staying at one company and attempting to climb the ladder than by founding a new one.
7. 3.?As with American politics, it appears the geography of U.S. venture capital and economic growth has become increasingly polarized.
8. 4.?While a mobile app can make for a decent side hustle to a regular corporate job, it won't turn into the next Apple or Google, and American investors know that.
9. 5.?In a thread attached to his tweet about start-ups, Krisiloff, the former Y Combinator executive, added that the opportunities “to start compelling start-ups," for college students without industry-specific knowledge, "has vastly shrunk.”
10. 6.?While the Austrian American economist Joseph Schumpeter is best known for his 1942 paper describing his theory of “creative destruction,” the process of disrupting existing industries through business innovation or technological change, few people know about another prediction he made: He believed that innovation would gradually become an embedded process within large corporations.
11. 7.?In many ways, Schumpeter predicted the internal innovation hubs of corporate giants like Amazon and SAP. With incumbents making innovation part of their established routines, he theorized, they would gradually squeeze out the traditional entrepreneur.
12. 1.?The justification for a nuclear revival has been based largely upon two policy priorities: climate change mitigation and security of energy supply.
13. 2.?The catastrophic nature of the risk of exposure from nuclear power plants that can potentially bring great destruction and untold human suffering to humanity and the environment makes this risk unacceptable to humanity.
14. 3.?While sources of ionizing radiation are essential to modern healthcare, they can be detrimental to living organisms if the production and the use of radiation sources and radioactive material are not covered by measures to protect individuals exposed to radiation.
15. 4.?Many countries are aspiring to nuclear energy and any increase in the number of states with nuclear energy capacity increases the likelihood of nuclear proliferation through weaponization of civilian nuclear energy materials.
16. 5.?Although nuclear risk per se has a low probability that is difficult to estimate, its foreseen damages are of an extreme magnitude in the event that it occurs. In other words, whereas the risk of a nuclear catastrophe is low, its impact on public health remains unknown
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